Knowledge River and Sea Navigation

River Navigation

Preliminary

On the way down the river, either on foot or by boat, we are required to master the navigation of the river as well as land navigation in the course of mountain forests. In practical science of navigation of the river has long been recognized by the Dayak people in Kalimantan hinterland. Because the river is the only means of transportation for them. And in determining its position on the river, they use the signs of nature in the form of a cascade, the bend of the river, narrowing / widening of rivers, estuaries and other.

Definition of River Navigation

River navigation is a technique to determine the exact position of the traverse in the course of the river. The fundamental difference between the navigation of the river and land navigation lies in the basic reference for determining the position. In land navigation as a basic reference is the physical surface of the earth's shape is described by the contour line, the reference being to the navigation of the river is essentially a form of left and right edges of the river, which turns the river depicted on the map.

River Navigation Equipment

Map

There are two kinds of maps that are used are:

a.     Map the situation of the river, this map has no contour lines, which is reflected is the river and the villages along the river basin. Scale 1:50,000 maps should be used or 1:25.000, which pretty clearly describes the physical condition of the river. These maps are generally created by individuals who have lived or surveying and mapping along the river.

b.     Topographic maps, has the advantage when compared with the map of the situation as it may help to read the natural conditions around rivers such as the form of swamps, cliffs, hills and mountains.

 

Compass

Used to determine the angle of the river turns, compass and compass orienteering shoot with good accuracy can be used for this purpose.

Stationary

Form of writing paper, protractor, ruler and stationery. Used to determine the position, after the first zero point of the compass from the river and its assessments distance.

 

Altimeter

Altimeter is not the most important tools for determining the position, but more appropriate to determine the gradient of the river, the height difference between two points on the river within a distance of 1 km (ie the gradient of the river 9 m / km, which is 9 m height difference between two points within 1 km). Due to a decrease in river height difference was relatively small for each km long river, then you should use the altimeter is pretty accurate, for example, with the ability to read the height differences up to 10 meters (as an illustration, for the fast-flowing river and its falls a lot, the difference in the average river for each kilometer is only about 40 meters).

Determining Position On Map

Performed by moving down the river watching the bend of the river changes direction, aided by certain natural signs are there along the river. There are two ways that can be used to determine the position:

a.     With the aid of natural signs

For example we're doing the traverse of the river from point A to point B, then at a place found an estuarine tributary on the left. To determine the position at the moment is, do the orientation map. Then observe the surrounding terrain carefully, protractor compass (azimuth) of the trajectory of the river at the bend in front and behind by using a compass. Remember earlier that there are natural landmarks behind. For example behind us there is a delta) and see also the natural sign in front (eg river bends to the left), then picture the situation of the river that has been in the can, then find the equivalent on the map (please note that found in the river delta is the delta is quite great. Not covered at the time of flooding and in tumbuhi trees, if it does not meet these requirements will not be depicted on the map). If still not clear, it is necessary to traverse to the next natural landmarks that can further clarify our position.

b.     Make Your Own Maps

Implementation technique is the assessment of distance and angle measurements compass (azimuth). Before doing this way, our eyes should be trained in advance to estimate the distance, for example, for a distance of 50 meters or 100 meters. The easiest way is to practice on the highway with the help of a motorcycle or a car that the pointer is still valid with a good distance, it can also with the help of an electric pole (every 50 meters), small stakes along the highway (100 meters). If the eye is trained, it can be practiced on the street in a city that many turns. For the river in a narrow area and many upstream tikungannya, then in use distance markers every 50 feet with the rest of the smallest size is 10 meters. As for the river in the middle and lower reaches of the relatifr wider and straight (except in the area meanders), or a large bend radius (angle turns are relatively small for a distance of 100 meters), then used a multiple distance markers every 100 meters with the remaining size of the smallest 25 meters.

So we made the river into a trunk that consists of many long and short segments, which correspond to the twisting corners. The steps that must be considered in making the river is: provide the necessary equipment, create a table in the paper consists of two columns, first column for degrees (azimuth) and the second column to the distance (meters). If you want more thorough you can add two more columns, ie to the width of the river and the information required (eg if there is narrowing, a large stone in the middle of the river, steep cliffs on either side of the river and others), aim the compass at the beginning of the movement, and estimate the distance with a trained eye, fill in the shots in column 1 and 2, if the boat should be done from the middle of the river, calculate the distance while moving forward, at 50 and 100 meters. Having arrived at the specified limits of the segment of the river, shooting and an appraisal done away again, repeat until beyond 3 turns of the river, then create an image of the river is based on the results of existing records in the table, the scale can be eg 1 cm to 100 meters or less again, then find matching or similar form of images of the river that we created with a map of the river that we carry, so our position on the map can be determined that at the last point that we make, if not already in the can also repeat again until a few turns.

Navigation Swamp

Navigation swamp is the technique of walking and determine the exact position on the field of swamp. Navigation is a navigation on the marsh plain area so that the same principle with desert navigation. There was no sign of extreme (hill or valley) which can be used as a benchmark. If the flat marsh area and sometimes filled with river flow that can be changed by the floods, then in the desert region was always changing due to wind. As in land navigation (mountain forest), then the most important first step before starting the journey is to know the location of point of departure on the map. Signs of terrain that can be used as a benchmark is a river, the location of the nearest village, the coastline (if close to the beach), so it needs to be taken into account the meticulous precision of the orientation field.

a.     The steps that must be done in swamp navigation is:

b.     Determine our departure point on the map

c.     Shutter direction of travel is taken, record the compass angle.

d.    Measure and record the distance traveled by the point of the compass, do continue to every part of the journey to find signs that can be used as a benchmark, such as rivers, if not found, do continue while looking for a place to rest.

How to measure the distance

a.     With the assessment of the distance (if already proficient), such as navigational man to man or the use of back azimuth on the navigation of the mountain forest, walked behind holding a compass and other colleagues walked by the corner of the compass. Measuring the distance limit for one segment depends on the eye and ear, vision means to an extent if the terrain tertutp or until the limit of hearing if the terrain is open, so the length of a segment relative, depending on the terrain encountered

b.     Using a measuring tape or rope, the same way as above, but we got the result that more rigorous

c.     With the tool of measuring the waist holder mounted on the compass, the compass holder up the rear, a partner at the front corner of open lines in the direction of the compass, tie yarn ends at the starting point when turning or changing direction, look at the numbers listed on the gauges them. Decide yarn and tie back end just at the point of inflection

d.    With a pedometer attached to the front waist. Record the number of steps to every corner of the compass direction. Take the benchmark 10 steps with a few meters, or multiples is divisible by 10;

Plot the measurement results on a map, use map scale appropriate to the scale of the map you have, if the measurement of distance and angle of the compass carefully it will be obtained accurate results.

Examination of the final position with field orientation. If you get lost, at least we have a track record to back into place.

If the compass angle and distance have been determined, then the plot on a map the direction of our path. Take a trip to the corner and use the compass to soar if the terrain is not possible to pass through, with not forget the points 2 and 3.

Note: How to walk in the swamp

a.     Bring sticks and ropes. Stick to measure the depth of mud bogs, and ropes to help pull a friend who goes down.

b.     Run in tandem. Keep the walks adjacent to the existing plants, tread marks shrub, grass, or roots of plants that exist kaarena land is relatively harder.

c.     Tebas tree branch, and place them crosswise on the track to be stepped on, use to hold its speed decrease our bodies into the swamp, the same principle as people walking on the soft snow using skis, the more surface area is trampled, the more light load covered by snow.

d.    Beware of the beast that is widely available around the plants that grow in swampy areas, generally they are venomous.

 

Coastal Navigation

Navigation beach is walking technique and determine the exact position on the coast. Coastal navigation much easier when compared to the swamp and river navigation, for a line position is already known, namely a line of beach, so it only takes a mark again to perform resection. Signs of terrain that can be used as a benchmark are: - The direction angle of coastline; - cape or bay; - mouth of the river; - islands or reefs that are around the beach - the beach area there is a hill; - fishing village

If you've trained navigating mountain forests, the navigation in coastal areas is not a problem, because the beach is more emphasis on navigation map reading. Without the help kompaspun fact we can walk on the beach, a compass is needed if the need to travel cut corners, avoid obstacles in the form of steep cliffs that are not likely to pass.

Step-lagkah that must be done in coastal navigation:

a.     Plot our position by resection.

b.     Walk follows the coastline as long as possible.

c.     Record the time traveling to different times or every encounter is easily recognized sign. This was done to facilitate us to lose the position. Check out our position on the map every encounter signs are easily recognized terrain, such as headlands and estuaries.

d.    If you encounter obstacles in the form of cliffs that can not be skipped, do the resection to determine the final position before such cliff. After that trip plan with the help of a compass to soar over the hurdle. On the barrier reef, generally must travel through a steep rise and fall.

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Basic knowledge of Survival

DEFINITION OF SURVIVAL

Meaning of survival itself there are various kinds of versions, which we will discuss here only the version according to nature lovers, namely:
S: Conscious in an emergency
U: Try to remain calm and steadfast
R: Fear and despair eliminate
V: Vitality boost
I   : Want to stay alive and safe is the goal
V: Variation of nature can dimamfaatkan
A: Origin megerti, practice and know how
L: Current, and congratulations

WHY THERE IS SURVIVAL
Survival needs arise because of human effort to get out of the difficulties encountered. These difficulties include:

•     Kadaan nature (weather and terrain)
•     State of living things around us (animals and plants)
•     State of self (mental, physical, and health)

Many of the difficulties usually arise from our own mistakes
SURVIVAL NEEDS
That must be possessed by a survivor:
Mental Attitude: to keep alive the spirit, confidence, common sense, discipline and plans mature, the ability to learn from experience.
Knowledge: How to make a bivouac, how to get water, how to get food, how to make fire, knowledge of field orientation, how to cope with disturbance of animals, how to seek help.
Experience and training: Exercises to identify plants, practice making traps, etc..
Equipment: Box survival, jungle knives, etc.
Willingness to learn

Steps must be taken IF LOST

    Coordinate members (if lost with the group)
    Perform first aid
    Looking at the ability of members
    Conducting field orientation
    Hold a food rationing
    Make a plan and division of tasks
    Trying to connect the communication with the outside world
    Creating trail and attention
    Get help

DANGER-DANGER OF SURVIVAL
There are so many dangers in survival that we will face, among other
Tension and panic:
Prevention: Frequent exercise, positive thinking and optimism, physical and mental preparation.
Sun / heat: heat exhaustion, heat cramps, heat stroke.
Circumstances that increase the severity of hot conditions are: Acute illness, recovering from an illness, fever, acquire new vaccinations, sleep deprivation, fatigue, too fat, uneven skin disease, had experienced the sting of the air, drink alcohol, dehydrated
Prevention of hot conditions: Aklimitasi, water supply, reduce activity, salt, loose clothing / long sleeve / short pants / T-shirts.
Disease: fever, dysentery, typhoid, malaria.

Mental deterioration:
Symptoms: weak, lethargic, less able to think well, hysterical.
Causes: Mental and physical weakness, tense circumstances
Prevention: Try to remain calm and lots of practice.
Dangers of toxic and poisoned animals can:
Symptoms: Dizziness and vomiting, pain and diarrhea, cramps throughout the body, can pinsan.
Causes: Food and beverages contain toxic
Prevention: salt in drinking water, drinking hot water bath soap, concentrated tea, tohok tekaknya child.
Extreme fatigue:
Prevention: Eat-calorie foods, limit the activities
Hunger
Blister
Chills:
To decrease body temperature <30ƒ C can cause death.

MAKE A bivouac (SHELTER)
Objectives: To protect from wind, heat, rain, cold
The types of shelters:
The original Shelter nature: No hiding place of animals, no poisonous gas, it is not easy lonsor.
Shelters made ​​from natural materials
Artificial shelter
Terms of shelter:
Avoid the flow of water, no shelter above the branches of dead trees / brittle, not a nest of mosquitoes / insects, strong material, do not be too damaging the natural surroundings, sheltered from the wind directly.

COPING WITH ANIMAL DISTURBANCES

    Mosquito

• Insect repellent, Autan, etc.
• Interest kluwih burned
• Rags and kerosene burned then turned off so that the smoke can repel yamuk
• Rub a little salt on a mosquito bite

    Laron

• Getting rid of moths is too much with chillies hanging

    Bees, if stung then:

• Spread onion water on the wound multiple times
• Paste the wet soil / clay on the wound
• Do not be massaged, massage
• Paste the broken tiles on the wound hot

    Leech

• Squirt water on lintahnya tobacco
• Sprinkle salt on top lintahnya
• Squirt lemon juice on lintahnya raw
• Sprinkle ash on lintahnya

    Ant

• Rubbing liniment on cuts bite
• Place red peppers on the way ants
• Put the pieces of betel leaf on the path of ants

    Scorpion and Centipede

• Massage the area around the wound until the poison out
• Tie the body on the side of the base of the bitten
• Attach a crushed acid in the wound
• Apply powder pepper and cooking oil on the wound
• Sprinkle salt around the bivouac for the prevention

MAKE A TRAP (TRAP)
Various kinds of traps

• Traps hung models
• Simple strap trap
• Hole trap snares
• Traps override
• Foot Apache share

Trap materials:
Rope / wire, bait, logs, tree branches

TRACES OF READING
The types of trail: The trail traces the artificial man-made and natural trace the trail sign as a sign of environmental circumstances. Natural trail is usually expressed about:

• Types of animals that pass
• The direction of movement of animals
• The size of the animal
• Rapid than the motion of animals

Reading nature trail can be seen from:

• The remaining impurities
• Tree or a broken twig
• Mud or dirt scattered on the grass

AIR
Someone in a state of normal and healthy to last about 20 to 30 days without eating, but that person can survive only 3-5 days without water.

WATER THAT DOES NOT NEED TO REFINED
Rain Water: Capacity with a poncho or a broad leaf and stream relocation
Water from the vines / rattan: Cut as high as possible and cut in sections near the land, water that drips can be accommodated or dripped directly into the mouth
Water from the plant: Water contained in the flower (sac semar) and moss

WATER TO BE REFINED

• Large river
• The river flooded
• Water obtained by digging sand on the beach (+5 meters from the tidal limit)
• The water in the dry river area, how to dig a hole under the rock
• Water from the banana stem, how cutting banana trunk, so that the remaining lives and create a hole underneath the water will come out, usually can get out to 3 times the decision.

FOOD
Benchmark choosing foods:

• Eating foods in macaques can also eat humans
• Carefully at the plants and brightly colored fruit
• Avoid foods that emit white resin, such as soap except sapodilla
• Plants that will be eaten at the first try is applied to the hands, arms, behind the ears, lips, and tongue. Wait a moment, if safe to eat
• Avoid foods that are bitter or sour

The relationship of water and food

• For water containing carbohydrates require less water
• Packaged snacks will speed up the thirst
• Foods that contain protein needs plenty of water

Edible plant parts

• From the trunk: banana tree trunk (white), young bamboo (bamboo shoots), Ferns it is white, white inside Sago, Sugar Cane.
• Of leaves: Watercress, Rasamala (still young), Leaf melinjo, cassava leaves
• Of roots and tubers: sweet potatoes, taro, cassava
• Of fruit: strawberries, Tamarind, Juwet
• Plants that can be eaten whole: Mushroom, mushroom wood.

The characteristics of poisonous mushrooms:


    Has a striking color, smell is not pleasant, When inserted into the rice so the rice becomes yellow, Spoon became black when put into the mushroom dishes, When palpated easily destroyed, Got a cup / bowl shape on the main stem, grows from animal waste, Removing the white sap .

Animals that can be eaten:

• Grasshoppers,
• Crickets,
• White grubs (gendon),
• Worms,
• Species of birds,
• Moth,
• Bees,
• Larvae,
• Honey,
• Snails,
• Lizard the back and tail,
• Green frog,
• Snake 1 / 3 middle part of the body,
• Other large animals.

Animals that can not be eaten:

• Can contain (centipedes, scorpions),
• Contain toxins (sea turtles),
• Contain a characteristic odor (skunk)

FIRE
When you have the ingredients to make a fire, to keep in mind is do not make the fire too big but make a small fire a few pieces, this is better and the resulting heat evenly. The ways to make fire as follows:
With the lens / magnifying glass:

• Focus beam to a point where combustible materials are placed.

Friction of wood with wood:

    This method is the most difficult, the way to the swipe-friction two hardwood sticks and dry on the other timber so that the visible smoke and provide igniter for easy burning. A good igniter material is tinder lying at the base of coconut, or palm leaves.



SURVIVAL KIT
Survival Kit is the equipment for survival that must be taken on the way, the forms and kinds depending on the needs and usually more numerous and extensive experience of someone it will be increasingly diverse number kitnya survival. For an overview of some of the survival kit as follows:

• Fishing equipment
• Knife
• A small rope
• Flashlight
• Magnifier mirror, small mirror
• Whistle
• Matches are stored in a watertight
• Salt tablets, norit
• Personal medications
• Needle + thread + pin
• etc..

Trekking hiking or mountain summit, is an adventure activity nature of many fans. On this new page is only partial information about the data mountains in Indonesia. If you have more accurate data and more up-date, please email to admin highcamp . In order for your fellow adventurers others can get the correct information and will be very helpful at all.

Sumatra	Java	Bali-Lombok
Mt. Singgalang 2877m Mt. Marapi 2891m Mt. Gutters 2597m Mt. Tandikat 2430m Mt. Kerinci 3800m Mt. Sibayak 2094m Mt. Dempo 3159m Mt. Sinabung 2475m	Mt. Gede 2958m Mt. Pangrango 3019m Mt. Salak 2211m Mt. Cereme 3078m Mt. Cleft 3336m Mt. Slamet 3432m Mt. Merbabu 3145m Mt. Lawu 3245m Mt. Sundoro 3150m Mt. Arjuno 3339m Mt. Mahameru 3676m Mt. Bromo Mt. Roared the 3332m Mt. Argopuro 3008m Mt. Cikurai	Mt. Great 3142m Mt. Rinjani 3726m

Sulawesi	Papua
Mt. Klabat 1995m Mt. Lompobattang 2730m Mt. Bawakaraeng 2830m Mountain of Latimojong Mountain of Mekongga

Camping is one of the outdoor activities the most popular, almost everyone has tried it. However, whether the experience was pleasant or even none at all. In addition to information about the location of camping around Jakarta, Through this page highcamp also try to inform camping techniques that will make you feel comfortable and pleasant for camping in the wild. The technique is adapted from a book called roughing IT EASY THOMAS DIAN essay. Only a part of this book are featured on this site, the rest you can read and learn about themselves because this book is also sold on-site camping Indonesia.Tempat informed here is still very limited to the area of ​​West Java alone. And for those of you who have information about the camping site of interest, would be very important all if you are willing to send them to high-camp.com for the fit on this site.

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When the climber Determining options

Awesome much up there all the plans and preparations that any sematang been prepared by one of the most experienced climbers though, can not be used as a benchmark or a guarantee of success the expedition was doing. Options offered above there are only two, namely succeed or fail altogether. Do not ever expect to become a climber or adventurer true if we are asking more than the act.

Climbing the mountain is two pieces of sentences that might sound familiar in our daily lives. Perhaps the immediate present in our minds is tiredness, chills, a waste of money and time, the storm, looking for dead, and so forth. Lifestyle nature lovers who embrace freedom is often in the wrong perception by the general public. Yet not a few contributions that have been given by nature lovers to this country. Due to the nature lovers usually not infrequently has always been on the forefront in reforestation activities, natural disasters, various missions and rescue operation, and so forth.

Basic definition of the word hiking is to travel from somewhere lower to a higher place. To be able to reach the top of the mountain, of course, more needs to be prepared by a climber in order to free the natural way that will be conducted to be fun. But not infrequently there is also a climber who was immersed for the success of the climb he did. For me this statement is a very wrong assumption. Because not always success will always accompany the ascent by climbers themselves.

If the unfortunate above it suddenly came over on their way, who would they use as scapegoats for what happened ..? Fellow seperjalanankah ..?, Bad weather ..?, Team ..?, Themselves ..?, Or even another scapegoat ..? And what is life free of a mountain climber it shows the level of IQ and had low ESQ ..? And whether it is true that the ultimate goal of a long journey mountain climbers are dead ..? It's clear the climber is not a kind man who loves death (Amor Pati).

In this book I will try to vividly retells the story of climbing the mountain roar. Beginning with the decision made ​​to open the lines between Mount Suket, Mountain and Mount Lempeh roar. But after so many days we were both struggling to open a remote area, the situation was getting out of hand. This is where the human ego finally began to come into play. Farewell finally have the last word.

Determining when a climber choice, is a mirror that records about the conflict between ideology, logic, superstition, friendship, sacrifice, courage, fear, pessimism and optimism. All the stories recorded in July 2009 through the ascent of Mount Suket, Mountain and Mount Lempeh roar. Where the critical moments that happen on the mountain there believed capable of changing patterns in view of a human child drastically. For the sole purpose of survival. Until finally the culmination of all the full story dramatization of this ascent is by precipitating a deal "Who is dying to kill".

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When Lost At Mountain or Wilderness

 Why do so many get lost in Mountain Nature Lovers? There are few kopasan from a doctor at once Doctor Cico True Nature Lovers in Indonesia ..

When lost on Mt .. corpse surgeon who nicknamed doctor believes Cico, instant noodles very quickly pull body fluids. In fact, the mountain climber who must save water in the body respectively. Due to lack of fluids, climbers often become lost way of thinking and wrong decisions and cause-climber lost climbers. "Product of instant noodles are not wrong, but people in this mountain climber himself who either use it. If just a few days camping, instant noodles are very practical to prevent hunger. But, not to stock up the mountain that could take days, "clearly Cico, which since 1990 became lecturer at the Faculty of Forensic Medicine CIU Jakarta area.

Because the fun wrestling with the issue of this mountain accident, a doctor who was single born in Jakarta, said, anyone would admit that the team of Search and Rescue (SAR) Indonesia has the ability to find victims in the mountains, whether alive or dead. However, after the victim was found, they were overwhelmed by the casualties of this. In fact, the wounds were often ignored.

TO the climbers Indonesia, Cico had just completed training in Miami, United States, to make first aid standardization of mountain accidents are often reminded, if you get lost on the mountain, which is necessary not only food, but also calm, consider the stamina, and think clearly. Cico explained, we may stray, because the stray will add to the experience. Then, through the crooked path that must be done, because we have the knowledge and skills. However, do not die, before we make use of common knowledge and our skills.

"So, so lost, mountaineers should have a basic determination of the will to live, not just resolve how to escape from the hole ketersesatan," he said.

He noted, nearly 80 percent of nature lovers die in the mountains in a resting position. Because when tired, climbers sleep with entities that are not insulated and weather around the lower. Finally, the weather that affects the body temperature to cause the level of consciousness decreased dramatically. Then, rest for eternity. Dead .....

Weaknesses mountaineers Indonesia is a lack of self-correction of the slightest accident. They often view themselves as powerful people. The simplest example, if we play in the water. Sejago whatever we swim, protective devices should still be used. Similarly, climbers are often up and down the mountain. "Death of a trivial, due to fatigue, he was a stray until cold," says an observer of this mountain accidents. Models are often used, he explained, is if the injury, we still say lucky not to die.

AROUND 90 per cent, said Cico, mountain accident was caused by a lack of anticipatory attitude climbers. As a youth, it is difficult to distinguish between enthusiasm and safety. These two factors have a very thin line. Enthusiasm means the desire to do activities in the wild, regardless of the safety factor again. Meanwhile, the salvation of souls that should be fought in the climbing activities are considered to be underestimated. It was also experienced themselves, when Cico were missing at least three times in a row in a different mountain in Central Java. "Once a year is lost," said Cico, who recently conducted a comparative study in ASEAN countries.

In 1977, Cico was reported missing on Mount Ungaran. Because want to find water to help his friends, Cico, who was also already feeling tired, suddenly slipped up slipped into the abyss. "Fortunately, at that time nyangsang in the trees, although had not regained consciousness," recalls Cico, so aware and rest awhile, Cico managed to find a flashlight. Then, he remembered climbing the theory taught on campus. He does not quickly go down, but back up to find the field in order to easily obtain the orientation of the next step. Then, the flame of his flashlight "played" to show the locals that he needed help.

Again and again he was lucky. When sending flashlight signals, Scout groups are able to read it and immediately provide relief. "So selamatlah me," he said. In 1978, Cico was missing for five days on Mount cleft. At that time, Cico with his friends up from the Garum and plans fell through Bangsri. As a beginner, he admitted, his loss was because of him alone. He lost himself when about to follow his friends who had climbed earlier.

Because alone, Cico said, food supplies diirit-efficient of the climb. "I just ate ferns, tubers, and roots of the weeds. Drinking, I use a sterile gauze and a handkerchief that has been placed on the grass," said Cico. However, he did not forget to leave the signs by using stones or plants that climb all over the road. The hope, no rescue team or the people who keep looking for it.

The following year, Cico missing on Mount Ciremai for three days and three nights. At that time, Cico climbed with four friends. After the climb, they're lost. Cico reminder, should we go back up, in order to have the orientation field. "But, my friends say, ah ... responsibility, we continued down the road. Way down to the village must," said Cico imitating his friends talk.

Apparently, the alleged right Cico. The descent is not necessarily to the village, but it also puts us trapped in the valley. They lost in the endless valleys that are difficult to conduct orientation. Since it was late at night, they were eventually stayed in the valley. In the morning, they went back up to find a plateau. From there, Cico see the rice terraces which would indicate the existence of life. Then, he measured with a compass and pickup height gauges, then walked.

Until now, Cico was concerned, because the doctors who have a first aid calls for the accident on the mountain is very little. Suppose there are cadres, it was mostly women. When a woman starts a family doctor, unfortunately they stop calling as a doctor this mountain accidents. Cico hope, Indonesian doctors ever fell like this spaciousness.


Additional Just when lost in the Mount or the Wilderness:

if we get stuck and lost in the woods that survival requires us to act.
there are 4 things yangperlu dingat ie STOP, which stands for:

1. Sit (sitting)
   If we realize we are lost in a journey, things we need to do first is to sit quietly or her greek selonjoran, hehehe.
2. Thinking (thinking)
   Once we sit quietly, we started thinking, what factors cause us to stray, there's a famous saying in the family i. "Know Your Enemy" or discover what your enemy. in this phase we are required as calm as possible, and try to play the flashback events that led us astray.
3. Observation (observation)
   After thinking, we do what is called the observation. In this phase there are six components that we must carefully consider which are: Water, Food, Shelter, Fire, The state of nature around, and the weather. By conducting observations or observations of the 6 component, it will be useful later in determining the next phase of planning.
4. Planning (planning)
   In this last phase, after we observe the state of ourselves and our surroundings. we determine planning what steps we need to do. Are we just sitting in place waiting for help from the SAR team, or we go looking for sources of help. All planning should be made ​​sematang possible, our health condition is vital in determining the planning.

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INTRODUCTION BASIC C + +

C + + is a programming language that is midway between the programming language level low level (machine-oriented language) and a high level. (berorirntasi in humans). C + + was created by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983.

1. Program 1

// Exercise program 1
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
cout <<”Congratulations Learning /using C + +.”;
}

2. Program 2

//Exercise program 2
/* The sum of two numbers Program
Using variable integer */
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
int bil1, bil2, result;
cout << “Enter bil. 1 = “;
cin >> bil1;
cout <<”Enter bil.2 = “;
cout >> bil2;
hasil = bil1 + bil2;
cout <<”Addition results are =”<<result<<endl;
}

Basic Data Types in C + + basic data types in C + + are:
char, int, long, float, double, long double

3. Program 3

// Exercise program 3
// Knowing the size of the memory data type
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
cout<<”Size char : “ << sizeof(char)<<endl;
cout<<”Size short : “ << sizeof(short)<<endl;
cout<<”Size integer : “ << sizeof(int)<<endl;
cout<<”Size long : “ << sizeof(long)<<endl;
cout<<”Size float : “ << sizeof(float)<<endl;
cout<<”Size double : “ << sizeof(double)<<endl;
}

defining the variable

Tipe_data name_variabel;

4. Program 4

// Exercise program 4
/* Example of Defining a variable of type char
and char constant assignment to a variable */
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char kar;
kar = ’A’;
clrscr();
cout<<”The contents of the variable kar = “ << kar << endl;
kar=66;
cout<<”The contents of the variable kar = “ << kar << endl;
}

5. Program 5

// Example programs using character constants with the notation \ XDD
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char ch1, ch2, ch3, ch4;
clrscr();
ch1=’\xC9’;
ch2=’\xBB’;
ch3=’\xC8’;
ch4=’\xBC’;
}

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Upload PDF Files to Google Docs

After allowing people to collaborate on documents, spreadsheets and presentations, Google Docs will support a new file type: PDF. Judging from Google's code, PDFs will have a distinct section and won't be imported as Google Docs documents.

An icon for PDFs has been available for a while and when you visit http://docs.google.com/#pdfs, Google Docs informs you that there are no PDFs in the list of documents.

Google has a pretty good PDF viewer in Google Book Search and Google Patent Search, so I expect to see some limited editing features added to the PDF viewer before repackaging it as a Google Docs application. Fortunately for Google, no other competing services provide a decent online PDF editor.

"Since becoming one of the original Gmail and Google Docs users way back in the beta-beta days, it has been a continuing source of confusion and irritation to me that we STILL can't even upload PDFs to Google Docs. (...) For those of us with laptops and iPhones it would rock to offload as much as possible onto the web and having sharing capabilities with our clients and colleagues for ALL our docs, not just a select few. In the professional, business, and government communities, PDFs are the transmission document of choice," commented JAVA4DIVA in a thread from Google Docs group.

Update: In less than a day, the feature has been added and you can now upload PDF files, share them and view them online. The PDF viewer is not very advanced, but you can use it to search inside a PDF file, select a block of text (Ctrl+C to copy the text) and go to a certain page.

 

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